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- Desktop And Laptop Computers
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Many computer hardware components, like a video card, sound card, or motherboard, require drivers to be installed to function properly. How a driver is saved and packaged determines how it is installed. Below is information about each of the methods developers use to distribute their drivers and install them in Microsoft Windows. Additionally, there are some general insights to help prevent frustrations during the process.
TipIn most situations, the drivers are installed after the hardware has been installed or connected to the computer. If you need help installing hardware, see: How to install computer hardware.
Drivers from a CD or DVD
Almost all computer and hardware manufacturers include a group of drivers for different hardware devices and often for each of the supported versions of Windows. For example, the driver CD you receive with your printer likely contains the drivers for many different printers and may not have the printer you purchased. When installing the drivers, make sure you are install the drivers for your printer and not another printer model. Also, make sure you are installing it for the version of Windows you are running on your computer.
Below is an example of how a file structure may look on your disc.
For example, if you had a PrinterA200 and were using Windows XP, you would find your drivers in the PrinterA200WinXP folder. Once the location of the drivers is found, you must determine how the drivers are packaged. If the folder contains executable files or a setup file, you can install the driver using an executable. If the directory contains .inf files, you can install the driver using an inf or use the 'have disk' option during the install.
TipIf you have a CD with drivers, but the computer has no functioning disc drive, you can also download the drivers. Or, if you have access to another computer, you can copy the drivers from the CD to a USB flash drive. For help with copying files, see: How to copy files.
Installing drivers from a USB drive or floppy
After the drivers are copied to a USB flash drive, floppy, or another drive, they can also be installed from that drive. Once the drive is connected to the computer, open Windows Explorer and then the drive letter for the computer drive. For example, if you have a USB drive that is assigned the E: drive when connected, you would open the E: drive.
Once the drivers are found on the drive, you must determine how the drivers are packaged. If the directory contains executable files or a setup file, you can install the driver using an executable. If the directory contains .inf files, you can install the driver using an inf or use the 'have disk' option during the install. If the drivers are compressed into a .zip file, you need to uncompress the file.
Downloading and installing a driver
TipIf you have not yet downloaded the drivers, you can find drivers for your computer through the computer or device manufacturer. For links to the websites of prominent computer hardware manufacturers, see our hardware drivers index.
TipIf you're downloading drivers to install on another device, you can copy or extract the files to a USB flash drive and connect it to the other computer.
After the drivers are downloaded, you must determine how the drivers are packaged. If the directory contains executable files or a setup file, you can install the driver using an executable. If the directory contains .inf files, you can install the driver using an inf or use the 'have disk' option during the install. If the drivers are compressed into a .zip file, you need to uncompress the file.
Tip
When extracting the drivers, remember where the folder containing the drivers is located since it needs to be known during the driver installation process. We recommend extracting files to a folder on the Windows desktop, as it's an easy place to remember.
Installing a driver from an executable
Today, many computer and hardware manufacturers are pre-packaging their drivers into executable files or have the drivers installed through the setup file. Double-clicking the executable or setup file should install the drivers to the computer for you.
NoteThe executable may be packaged in a compressed file, which means before looking for the setup file, it needs to be uncompressed. For help with uncompressing a file, see: How to extract or decompress a compressed file. If, after uncompressing the file, it still doesn't contain an executable file, setup file, or doesn't install your hardware device, continue with the below recommendations.

Finally, if you're successful with installing your drivers and the computer asks to reboot the computer, make sure to reboot the computer after the driver is installed.
Using the 'have disk' option to install drivers
A computer or hardware manufacturer may place the drivers on a CD, diskette, or folder on the hard drive for Windows to find and use during its hardware detection. Below are steps on how to install drivers for a new device and upgrade a device's driver for this setup.

Installing a new device
- Open the Windows Device Manager.
- In the Device Manager, make sure the device you are attempting to install is not already listed from past install attempts. If the device is found, highlight and remove it from Device Manager to prevent any conflicts during the install.
- Once Device Manager looks okay, reboot the computer.
- As the computer is rebooting, an Install new hardware wizard should appear if Windows detects the new hardware. Using this wizard, point Windows to the folder containing your drivers on the CD, diskette, USB flash drive, or the folder containing the files you downloaded.
If Windows does not detect any new hardware, open the Control Panel and double-click the Add hardware icon to run the hardware detection wizard. During the steps, you have the option to install custom Windows drivers from a location on disk. Choose to load drivers, then select the folder containing the drivers for your device.
NoteThe 'Add hardware' icon is only available in Windows XP and prior versions of Windows.
Once drivers are installed, reboot the computer.
Upgrading drivers for a pre-existing device
- Open the Windows Device Manager.
- In the Device Manager, locate the device you want to update.
- Right-click the device and click Properties.
- In the Properties window, click the Driver tab.
- Click the Update Driver button.
- In the Hardware Update Wizard, point Windows to the location of the updated driver files on your hard drive.
Once drivers are installed, reboot the computer.
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Install a driver using a .inf file
Finally, if the above recommendations don't work, the installation instructions for drivers and hardware devices can be contained in the driver .inf file.
Locate the .inf file for your version of Windows. Right-click that file and choose the option for install.
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NoteMake sure you install the correct .inf file and not a .inf file for another device or a different version of Windows.
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Once you have right-clicked and installed the driver, reboot the computer.
One of the above three recommendations should have installed or updated the drivers successfully onto the computer. If you are still having difficulties getting the device to install, it is possible you are not encountering a hardware issue and not an issue with the drivers. Refer to the troubleshooting steps for your hardware device for additional help and information.
Additional information
- See the driver definition for further information and related links.
Desktop And Laptop Computers
Year | Event |
---|---|
1975 | The first portable computer was the IBM 5100, released in September 1975. It weighed 55-pounds, which was much lighter and more portable than any other computer to date. While not truly a laptop by today's standards, it paved the way for the development of truly portable computers, i.e., laptops. |
1976 | Alan Kay came up with the idea of the laptop computer in 1976 while working at Xerox PARC, calling it the Dynabook. He helped develop a prototype of his Dynabook, which was officially named the Xerox Note Taker. |
1979 | Bill Moggridge designed the GRiD Compass in 1979, the most portable computer at the time and the closest example of a laptop computer. NASA used the GRiD Compass in their space shuttle program in the early 1980s. |
1981 | Developed by Adam Osborne in April 1981, the Osborne I was the first truly portable computer and is recognized as the first true laptop computer. It weighed 24½-pounds and had a 5' display. |
1981 | Epson released the Epson HX-20 in 1981. It was the first portable computer with a built-in printer. |
1983 | Radio Shack released the TRS-80 Model 100 portable computer in the United States in 1983. It featured an LCD, one of the first portable computers with that feature. The TRS-80 Model 100 was originally manufactured by Kyocera and sold in Japan, but later the rights were sold to Radio Shack. |
1984 | Commodore released the Commodore SX-64 in 1984, the first portable computer to feature a full-color display screen. It weighed about 20-pounds and sold for $995. |
1986 | IBM released their first laptop, the PC Convertible, in 1986. It weighed 12-pounds, making it the first laptop under 15-pounds. |
1987 | The U.S. Air Force issued an RFP (request for proposal), leading to the purchase of over 200,000 laptops. The contract for the manufacturing and purchase of these laptops was awarded to Zenith Data Systems. The Air Force's purchase of such a large number of laptops helped pave the way for the popularity of laptop computers. |
1987 | Hewlett-Packard released the Vectra Portable CS laptop in 1987. It was one of the first laptops to feature a 3 ½' floppy disk drive capable of using 1.44 MB diskettes. |
1988 | Compaq released their first laptop computer in 1988, the Compaq SLT/286. It was the first battery-powered laptop to feature VGA graphics and an internal hard drive. |
1989 | Apple released their first laptop, the Macintosh Portable, in September 1989. Costing $6500 at release, it did not sell well and was not a popular laptop. |
1989 | NEC released the NEC UltraLite in 1989, considered to be the first notebook style laptop, weighing less than 5-pounds. |
1991 | After the flop of their Macintosh Portable laptop, Apple re-worked their laptop concept and released the PowerBook line of laptops in October 1991. |
1992 | Microsoft and Intel worked together to develop and release APM (advanced power management) specification for laptop computers. |
1992 | Olivetti developed and released the first laptops featuring a touchpad in 1992. |
1994 | IBM released the ThinkPad 775CD in 1994, the first laptop to feature an integrated CD-ROM drive. |
2002 | Toshiba released the Toshiba Portege 2000 in 2002, the thinnest laptop to be developed at only ¾ of an inch at the thickest part. It also featured the first 1.8-inch hard drive in a laptop. |
2003 | Toshiba released the Toshiba Portege M100 in 2003, which is the first laptop to feature a slim DVD-ROM drive. |
2007 | ASUS released the Eee PC 701 in October 2007, which was the first netbook to be available. It featured a 7' screen, an Intel Celeron-M processor, and a 4 GB SDHC storage disk. |
